Diaphorina citri, commonly known as the Asian citrus psyllid, is a small but formidable pest that has had a significant impact on the global citrus industry. This tiny insect is the primary vector responsible for transmitting Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the bacterium that causes citrus greening disease (also known as Huanglongbing or HLB). This article will explore the biology of Diaphorina citri, its impact on citrus crops, and current management strategies to mitigate its damage.
Biology and Behavior
Diaphorina citri is a small, winged insect belonging to the Psyllidae family. Adults are approximately 3-4 mm in length, with a distinctive, roof-like posture when resting. The nymphs are less conspicuous and are often found on the undersides of leaves.
Life Cycle: The life cycle of D. citri includes egg, nymph, and adult stages. Females lay eggs on the young, tender shoots of citrus trees. The eggs hatch into nymphs, which feed on the sap of the plant. After several molts, nymphs mature into adults. The complete life cycle can be as short as 1-2 months, allowing rapid population growth under favorable conditions.
Feeding Behavior: Both nymphs and adults feed by inserting their needle-like mouthparts into the phloem of citrus trees. This feeding can cause leaf distortion, decreased fruit yield, and overall plant weakening.
