Citrus canker is a highly destructive bacterial disease affecting citrus trees, including oranges, lemons, limes, and grapefruits. Caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, this disease poses a significant threat to citrus production worldwide. Here's a comprehensive look at citrus canker, including its causes, symptoms, and effective management strategies.
Causes of Citrus Canker
Citrus canker is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. This pathogen infects citrus plants through natural openings in the plant tissues or wounds caused by mechanical injury, insects, or adverse weather conditions. The bacteria thrive in warm, humid environments and can spread rapidly through rain, wind, and contaminated equipment or materials.
Symptoms of Citrus Canker
The disease is characterized by several distinct symptoms, including:
Lesions on Leaves and Fruits: One of the most recognizable signs of citrus canker is the appearance of lesions on leaves, stems, and fruits. These lesions typically start as small, water-soaked spots that turn into raised, corky, and rough patches with a yellow halo. On fruits, the lesions can lead to premature fruit drop and deformities.
Leaf Drop: Infected leaves may eventually drop from the tree, leading to reduced photosynthesis and weakened plant growth.
