The global popularity of Eruca vesicaria has led to the development of diverse varieties adapted to different climates and culinary preferences. From the bold wild arugula of the Mediterranean to the wasabi-infused arugula of Japan, each variety brings its own distinctive characteristics to the table. As consumers continue to explore new flavors and chefs experiment with culinary creations, the world of Eruca vesicaria varieties is likely to expand further, offering even more options for enthusiasts and gastronomes alike.
Eruca vesicaria, commonly known as arugula or rocket, is a versatile and peppery leafy green that has been cultivated and enjoyed worldwide for centuries. This cruciferous vegetable belongs to the Brassicaceae family and is celebrated for its distinct, slightly bitter flavor profile. As its popularity continues to soar, different varieties of Eruca vesicaria have emerged across the globe, each offering unique characteristics and adaptations to diverse climates. In this article, we will take a virtual journey around the world to explore some of the most notable Eruca vesicaria varieties.
Mediterranean Varieties:
Classic Wild Arugula (Eruca sativa): This is the original and wild form of arugula native to the Mediterranean region. It has deeply lobed leaves and a bold, peppery flavor. Wild arugula is known for its hardiness and ability to grow in diverse soil conditions.
Italian Cultivars (Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa): Italy is renowned for its culinary traditions, and arugula is no exception. Italian cultivars are often characterized by their tender leaves and milder peppery taste. Some popular Italian varieties include 'Selvatica' and 'Cultivated Rocket.'
Asian Varieties:
Japanese Wasabi Arugula (Eruca vesicaria ssp. nipponica): This unique variety, native to Japan, is prized for its wasabi-like spiciness. It offers a pungent kick similar to wasabi, making it a favorite in Asian cuisine.
Korean Roquette (Eruca vesicaria var. koreana): This variety, adapted to the Korean climate, has slightly broader leaves and a milder flavor compared to its European counterparts. It is a common ingredient in salads and side dishes in Korean cuisine.
North American Varieties:
American Arugula (Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa): Arugula gained popularity in North America in recent decades, and local cultivars have developed. American arugula varieties are often prized for their tender leaves and versatility in salads, sandwiches, and garnishes.
California Rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia): While not a true Eruca vesicaria, California rocket, also known as wild arugula, is a popular green in the United States. It has a more intense peppery flavor and deeply serrated leaves.
Global Adaptations:
Cold-Resistant Varieties: In colder climates, breeders have developed arugula varieties that can withstand chilly temperatures. These adaptations often feature thicker leaves and a more robust structure to endure harsh weather conditions.
Compact Varieties: With the rise of container gardening and urban agriculture, compact arugula varieties have become popular. These varieties are well-suited for small spaces and can be grown in pots or small garden beds.