Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is one of the oldest cultivated grains in the world, with a rich history dating back to ancient times. Widely known for its versatility and adaptability, barley cultivation has played a crucial role in various civilizations, providing sustenance and contributing to the development of numerous staple foods and beverages. In this article, we will explore the key aspects of barley cultivation, from its ideal growing conditions to its uses and benefits.